ABSTRACT Body development and reproductive performance of a hundred forty-two 14 to 15-month-old heifers, classified at weaning according to frame size as small, medium, and large, were evaluated. The parameters evaluated were: body weight, hip height, body condition score, weight gain, ovarian activity, and pregnancy rate. At weaning, body weight and hip height were significantly different among frame scores, (small – 133.0 kg, 92.2 cm; medium – 158.5 kg, 96.6 cm; and large – 185.2 kg; 100.2 cm). After weaning, heifers grazed together on natural pastures during the autumn and on ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum La.) during the winter and spring. Frame score differences remained until the beginning of the breeding season (BS), starting on average at 14 months of age. Weight gain between weaning and the beginning of BS was not different among frame scores (0.740 kg/day, on average). Body weights at the beginning of the BS were significantly different, of 255.7 kg (53.3% of the mature weight) for small heifers, 285.0 kg (59.4%) for medium heifers, and 307.6 kg (64.1%) for large heifers. Ovarian activity at the beginning of the BS was not different among the three groups. The average weight gain values during the BS of 0.492, 0.472, and 0.421 kg/day for small, medium, and large heifers, respectively, were significantly different. Pregnancy rates were not different among groups (small, 71.4%; medium, 76.4%; and large, 76.5%). Frame score did not influence the reproductive performance of heifers, but the small and medium heifers conceived 29 and 20 days earlier, respectively, than the large heifers.

O experimento foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de se avaliar duas idades de acasalamento, 18 meses (18M) e 24 meses (24M) em novilhas de corte Hereford, por monta natural, durante 45 dias. As variáveis analisadas foram a taxa de prenhez (TP), a condição corporal no início do acasalamento (CCI), o ganho de peso médio diário durante o período de acasalamento (GDM), a produtividade (P), representada pela quantidade de kg de bezerro desmamado por vaca acasalada, e a eficiência (E), ou seja, a produtividade para cada 100 kg de vaca. O período de acasalamento foi de 05/04/2000 a 20/05/2000 e de 04/11/2000 a 19/12/2000, para os grupos 18M e 24M, respectivamente. Novilhas do grupo 24M demonstraram maiores TP e CCI (86,7% e 3,86) que as do grupo 18M (52,2% e 3,59). O GDM nos períodos de acasalamento não apresentou diferença, sendo 0,728 e 0,724 kg/d, para 18M e 24M, respectivamente. A P e a E das novilhas do grupo 24M foram superiores (135,2 e 38,6 kg) às do grupo 18M (76,2 e 26,6 kg, respectivamente). A redução da idade de acasalamento para os 18 meses requer maiores pesos no início do acasalamento para assegurar maiores índices reprodutivos.

A 45-d experiment was conducted to evaluate two breeding ages of Hereford heifers, 18 (18M) or 24 months (24M), using natural mating. The following parameters were studied: pregnancy rate (PR), body condition score at the beginning of the mating season (BCS), and average daily gain in the mating season (ADG). It was also calculated the productivity (P) = total kg of weaned calf per number of heifers bred and efficiency (E) = productivity per 100 kg of heifers mated. The breeding seasons were from 04/05/2000 to 05/20/2000 (fall) and from 11/04/2000 to 12/19/2000 (spring) for 18M and 24M heifers, respectively. The 24M heifers showed higher PR and BCS than those bred at 18M of age (86.7% vs. 52.2% and 3.86 vs. 3.59, respectively). Conversely, breeding season did not affect the ADG comparing 24M (0.728 kg/d) with 18M (0.724 kg/d) heifers. The 24M heifers had greater P (135.2 vs. 76.2 kg) and better E (38.6 vs. 26.6 kg) than heifers mated at 18M. It can be concluded that decreasing the breeding age from 24M to 18M requires higher body weight at beginning of the mating season in order to improve the reproductive parameters evaluated in the current trial.